PDF Cohesin in determining chromosome architecture Biology Diagrams Furthermore, cohesion defects correlated with RAD21 and NCAPG mRNA expression, suggesting a link to reduced cohesin and condensin levels in hyperdiploid ALL. Knockdown of RAD21 in an ALL cell line led to sister chromatid cohesion defects, aberrant mitoses, and increased heterogeneity in chromosomal copy numbers, similar to what was seen in Similarly to bulky chromosome bridges, they can be visualized by DAPI staining and revealed in cells transiting anaphase. They are mainly associated with defects intrinsic to mitosis such as abnormal microtubule-kinetochore attachments, centrosome amplification, aberrant spindle assembly checkpoint, and defects in sister chromatid cohesion.
Defects in sister chromatid cohesion or cohesion dissolution will lead to aneuploidy and chromosome instability (CIN). Mutations or misregulation of cohesin subunits, or cohesion-related genes have been implicated in cancers, cohesinopathies, neurological diseases and aneuploid oocytes observed in maternal ageing.
Sister chromatid cohesion defects are associated with chromosomal copy ... Biology Diagrams
After mitotic shake-off to remove any cells in mitosis, cells were treated with colcemid and chromosome spreads were stained with DAPI and scored for the percentage of chromatids displaying cohesion defects (n = 50 per treatment). Chromosomes from ATRX-depleted cells showed reduced cohesion compared with control-treated cells. (D) Microscopic Aneuploidy is a recurring hallmark in many cancer types, and abnormalities in chromosomal cohesion and separation have been identified as significant contributors to various cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, colorectal, bladder, and other solid cancers. Hirano T. Chromosome cohesion, condensation, and
First, sister chromatids are resolved from each other while both sister chromatid cohesion and DNA catenation are removed (sister chromatid resolution). Second, each chromatid is folded both axially and laterally (chromosome folding). We found that, whereas 16% of NCAPD2-Cer control cells showed defects in chromosome segregation (categories
Structural Chromosome Instability: Types, Origins, Consequences, and ... Biology Diagrams
Similarly, CDC4 was known to play a role in chromosome stability and to have a variety of other functions, but there were no previous data linking CDC4 mutations to cohesion defects. Our study demonstrates that down-regulation of these genes leads to cohesion defects in human cells, and also identifies somatic mutations in human cancers in
